AGRICULTURE
- Fields were barely sufficient
- Division of estates leads to the result that farms become too small
- System of primogeniture made rest of the family landless
OVER-POPULATION
- Produced ever-increasing group of landless and discontented individuals
- There was the great gap between rich and poor
POLITICAL AND CIVIL DISPUTE
- Oppression and political dominance of the nobles
- There was a desire for political freedom
- Led to the expulsion of the losing party
COMMERCIAL DESIRE (trading)
- The need for raw materials
- New markets
-Receive imports for new industries
- There was the need for new tools
- Need for new weapons
- New trade routes and items
-Pottery
-Olive oil
-Wine
-textiles
- Hence; colonies were established in lots of areas
-Easy moving
-Easy trades
-New and wider avenues for trade and commerce
STRATEGICALLY
- New settlements, scouts
- Need for an advantage
-More men
-Advantageous positions in trade and commerce
-Good geographical positions ( Offset gains of rival city state & better view)
SPIRIT AND POWER
- Greeks are adventurers, travelers
-since early history
- Greeks are active seafarers
- They seek opportunities for trade